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991.
Soil moisture and its variations are key factors for understanding hydrological processes, which are characterized by a high temporal variability at different scales. The study was conducted at three field stations in the desert regions of northwestern China, where soil moisture measurements with gravimetric method were used to characterize the temporal stability of soil moisture using various statistical parameters and an index of temporal stability (ITS). The soils are a gray–brown desert soil at the Linze station, an aeolian sandy soil at the Fukang station, and a brown desert soil at the Cele station. Soil textures are accordingly sandy loam at Linze and Cele, and loamy sand at Fukang. The dynamic variation in soil moisture depends strongly on the rainfall pattern (amount and frequency) in these desert ecosystems. Soil moisture content is low and significantly different among the three desert ecosystems, with the maximum at the Linze station (6.61 ± 2.08 %), followed by the Cele (4.83 ± 0.81 %) and Fukang (3.46 ± 0.47 %) stations. The temporal pattern exhibits high variability because soil moisture is characterized by low temporal stability and a high coefficient of variation (CV). The standard deviation, CV, and ITS increase significantly with increasing soil moisture. Soil moisture displays a skewed frequency distribution that follows a logarithmic function at lower soil moisture but a log-normal distribution at higher values. 相似文献
992.
993.
地震监测是一项对震情应急反映要快 ,系统网络安全性要求较高的工作 ,Windows终端就是建立在系统网络的基础上 ,以允许多个用户同时登录到一台服务器并运行服务器上应用的网络系统终端。它具有成本低 ,安全性好 ,解决网络阻塞能力强 ,应急反映速度快等优势。“Windows终端”的局域网模式是目前应用较为广泛 ,使用性能较好的一种网络连接方式。本文系作者在参加福建省地震局“1 0 5 - 0 3”十五重点项目中 ,对监测中心的台网监测网络系统建设的思考。目前我局新办公楼即将竣工 ,我监测中心新的办公写字间网络系统连接方式 ,选择“Windows终端”不失为一个较好的方案。 相似文献
994.
利用空间分辨率为5km的广西智能网格降雨量预报产品以及桂南区域自动气象站降雨量实况资料,采用最邻近点法、双线性插值、双三次插值和统计降尺度方法,研究和评估空间分辨率在1km的格点降雨量插值预报释用技术。结果表明:(1)对于分辨率较高的智能网格预报产品,最邻近点法、双线性插值和双三次插值的预报效果无明显差异,其中最邻近点法的ETS评分和预报偏差略好于其它两种方法;(2)采用一元线性回归的统计降尺度方法比其它3种方法的降水预报能力高,并可以提高强降水的预报评分,对构造更高分辨率的网格预报产品具有一定参考作用。 相似文献
995.
We collect a sample of 51 Fermi-detected gamma-ray loud blazars with known radio Doppler factors and study properties of the Doppler factors of blazars at optical,X-ray and gamma-ray bands.A basic assumption is that the emission from the radio to gamma-ray bands of the blazars are produced by the nonthermal radiation of accelerated particles in a jet.Our results show that (1) the Doppler factors of blazars are a function of frequency,with the Doppler factor decreasing with frequency from the radio to X-ray ... 相似文献
996.
The application of fiber reinforced plastic(FRP),including carbon FRP and glass FRP,for structural repair and strengthening has grown due to their numerous advantages over conventional materials such as externally bonded reinforcement(EBR) and near-surface mounted(NSM) strengthening techniques.This paper summarizes the results from 21 reinforced concrete beams strengthened with different methods,including externally-bonded and near-surface mounted FRP,to study the strain coordination of the FRP and steel rebar of the RC beam.Since there is relative slipping between the RC beam and the FRP,the strain of the FRP and steel rebar of the RC beam satisfy the quasi-plane-hypothesis;that is,the strain of the longitudinal fiber that parallels the neutral axis of the plated beam within the scope of the effective height(h 0) of the cross section is in direct proportion to the distance from the fiber to the neutral axis.The strain of the FRP and steel rebar satisfies the equation:ε FRP =βε steel,and the value of β is equal to 1.1-1.3 according to the test results. 相似文献
997.
Jinglu Wu Long Ma Hong Yu Haiao Zeng Wen Liu Jilili Abuduwaili 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2013,50(2):245-255
We present a paleolimnological record from shallow Lake Wuliangsu in the Yellow River Basin, north China, using a short (56 cm) sediment core. Our objective was to investigate environmental changes in this semi-arid region over the past ~150 years. The sediment core was dated using 137Cs and 210Pb. We examined stratigraphic trends in core lithology, nutrients, stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) and trace element concentrations in the Lake Wuliangsu core to discern between natural sediments and those affected by human agency. A lithologic transition from yellow, coarse-grained sediment to grey, fined-grained sediment marked the lake’s formation about 1860. Until ~1950, sediments displayed relatively low and constant heavy metal concentrations, indicating little human influence. In the 1950s, enrichment factors (EFs) increased, reflecting greater impact of human activities. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in organic matter (OM), along with heavy metal concentrations, were used to infer past shifts in trophic state and identify pollutants that came from agriculture, industry and urbanization. In the late 1950s, the first evidence for environmental change is recorded by increases in total organic carbon (TOC), total organic nitrogen (TN), TOC/TN, EFs, δ13C and a decrease in δ15N. After about year 2000, a more rapid increase in trophic status occurred, as indicated by greater total phosphorus (TP), EFs, δ15N and lower δ13C values. Changes in isotope and TOC/TN values in the lake sediments may reflect a shift in lake ecology during this period. The first increase in trophic status during the late 1950s was mainly a result of agricultural development in the catchment. In contrast, the change after ca. AD 2000 was driven largely by urban and industrial development. Agreement between paleolimnologic data from Lake Wuliangsu, and both instrumental and written records, indicates that the lake sediments provide a reliable archive for investigating the formation and environmental history of the lake. 相似文献
998.
999.
将地区划分为城区和农村两区域系统,构建一个综合考虑城乡劳动力迁移、环境污染、农业生产效率、城乡贸易和公共服务基础设施建设等诸因素的核心-边缘模型,以深入系统地考察城乡差距问题,对于解决现有城乡问题有着重要的理论和现实意义.研究表明:劳动力向城区迁移有助于提高城镇和农村居民的生活效用水平,并缩小城乡差距;环境污染物排放对居民生活造成负面影响,生产活动的集聚对城乡差距的影响取决于污染的危害程度;倘若农业生产的环境影响较小,农业生产效率的提高可以缩小城乡差距;城乡间交通基础设施建设、城区交通及通信设施建设和产业集聚等将提高城镇居民效用水平,拉大城乡差距. 相似文献
1000.
Y. Leung Y. Lee K. C. Lam K. LIn F.‐T. Zeng 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(4):483-500
This paper is about the development of a decision‐support system for water‐pollution management and environmental planning. More specifically, the paper first presents the overall concept and the system architecture of a generic environmental decision‐support system (EDSS) and then develops an EDSS especially for analysing the tidal flow pattern and water quality of China's Pearl River Delta. The EDSS developed here employs the object‐oriented approach to design the environmental database and utilizes the system integration technology to develop the overall user‐friendly system that operates in the Windows environment. Furthermore, the system can be expanded to facilitate automated model selection and analysis. The EDSS should be of value for managing water quality of river networks with complicated flow patterns, such as that found in the Pearl River Delta. 相似文献